The eWorld Radar

Tech Sector Review - April 2012

Judge Java

This month saw the launch of Oracle’s attempt to claim circa $1 billion of damages from Google. Allegedly Google has infringed Oracle’s Java copyright in building the Android operating system for mobile phones. Whether this has merit or not, Oracle needs to brace itself for the reality that its enterprise applications and databases may over time be increasingly reliant on Android to reach its user base.

High society

It would appear that as far as shareholders are concerned Indian software giant Infosys has been entertaining ideas above its station. The trend for Indian IT service companies moving out of the grubby world of technology into the refined world of business process management makes a lot of sense when increasing labour costs coupled with an impressive education system create an upward pressure in terms of delivery expectation. However short term focused shareholders are nervous that Infosys may be abandoning its core business.

BYOD – Bring your own data centre

The race to manage consumers’ data online is a fast growing market. Apple’s iCloud is already well known. Dropbox is another high profile example. Google who is no stranger to this space with its Google Docs offering is making a more explicit play into this space with its Google Drive offering. The service has the capacity to scale and so could well become the storage platform for other service providers. This is food for thought for the established enterprise data centre players.

Patent arms war

There appears to be a patent arms war brewing with the big players stacking seemingly random patents high so that others will think twice before muscling into their patch. Microsoft recently took delivery of over $1 billion worth of AOL patents. Given that AOL was one of the early players in the Internet space it wouldn’t be surprising of Microsoft discovers it now owns the rights to ‘the hyperlink’. It certainly does own Netscape which became Microsoft road kill in the early days of the browser wars.

Market buzzing

Apple performed well in its most recent quarter. Its results flagged that there is still some growth left in iphones. Microsoft topped analyst expectations and demonstrated that the PC is not yet a museum piece. Intel is bullishly entering into the smartphone market in part to offset the arrival of rival ARM, which has made a foray into the Windows smartphones space. IBM kept on an even keel with a drop in hardware and services business offset by a growth in its software business.

Ade McCormack

Tech Sector Review - March 2012

** Prepare youself for the digital revolution **

gRim reality

Blackberry maker RIM has recently had a boardroom cleanout, including their co-CEOs, COO and CTO. They will now conduct a strategic review which could see the business dismantled, refocused or reengineered. Trying to be something to everybody and trying to do it all on their own does not appear to be a recipe for success.

 

Offshore news

Corporate fraud specialists (until they were caught) Satyam and BT part-owned Tech Mahindra are merging to form what is expected to be India’s fifth largest IT service company. The combined group will be heavily dependent on telecoms business. The fact that this is not a growing market suggests the newly merged company will have to overhaul its strategy.               

 

Hactivism doesn’t pay

According to US telco Verizon, over half of electronic data record thefts were perpetrated by hacktivists. Thus ideology trumps financial gain. Anonymous and its associates were responsible for many of the high profile attacks including the CIA, Sony and Nintendo. Is the trend emerging because the people that perpetrate financial cyber crime ultimately get more personal satisfaction by, in their own minds at least, standing up for civil liberties?

 

Oracle up

Oracle dismissed its last quarter disappointment as an aberration. The latest quarter results are the first step in proving this hypothesis, with profits exceeding analyst expectations. Oracle is quite bullish about its Cloud offering with plans to give Salesforce and Sap a run for their money in the online applications arena.

 

Apple fans continue to take the tablets

Apple sold a record 3 million iPads in the first 4 days of its release. Whether this reflects the continuing ascendancy of the tablet or Apple’s ability to rev up the market and get its supply chain act together is unclear. My gut feeling is the latter, given that the most notable difference from the ‘old’ iPad is that the iPad3 is heavier.

 

Google – Play is a serious business

Google wants to take Apple’s iTunes head on by integrating Google Music and eBookstore into its Android Market offering and renaming it Google Play. Google is hot on Apple’s heels with almost as many apps as the iStore and almost as many Android platforms in circulation as the combined number of iPods, iPhones and iPads.

 

Intel - Autotrader

The automotive industry is a huge consumer of processor chips. Intel wants to fuel that demand by setting up a $100 million fund to invest in companies developing car-based technologies. It will be interesting to see whether car buyers mimic the behaviour of impressionable PC buyers and look for the Intel Inside sticker before making a purchase.

Ade McCormack

** Prepare youself for the digital revolution **

Tech Sector Review - February 2012

Highlights

• Oracle to acquire talent management cloud player Taleo.
• Apple’s market capitalisation jumps into the exclusive $500bn club.
• HP quarterly revenues down 7% year on year.
• Cisco to challenge Microsoft-Skype deal in the EU courts.
• Google – Motorola deal approved by US regulators.
• Cisco back on the acquisition trail.

Taleo Oracle!

Serial acquisitor Oracle planes to acquire talent management cloud player Taleo for $1.9bn. Given that Sap made a similar purchase recently with Success Factors it would appear that human resources is the new battleground for the big players. It will be interesting to see what this does to the talent supply chain, in particular recruiters.

Apple joins $500bn club

Apple has joined an exclusive club of which only Microsoft, GE and Exxon Mobil have been members. The recent surge in market capitalisation is likely fuelled by the rumour mill getting to fever pitch in respect of the likely launch of the iPad3. A simple grasp of arithmetic progressions would enable most people to predict that the latest iPad is due around now (iPad1 in April 2010. iPad2 March 2011).

HP quarterly revenues down

These are tough times for enterprise and consumer technology giant HP with quarterly revenues down 7 per cent year on year.  It has under performed in 4 out of 5 of its key market segments. Only software was up. The organisation has been through a prolonged troubled patch (boardroom pantomime) culminating in former eBay CEO Meg Whitman taking the helm. She has a difficult transformation job ahead, particularly as it is not clear what HP can transform into.

Cisco unhappy

Cisco has committed itself to video and unified communications. So Microsoft’s acquisition of Skype is more than a nuisance. Both Microsoft and Cisco are powerhouses in respect of unified communications. Whilst Cisco owns the hardware end, Microsoft owns the business end. Integrating Skype into the Office suite would be a natural progression into an established high volume market. Whereas Cisco with its superior video conferencing capability, it has yet to penetrate the mainstream. Its primary offerings are perceived as ‘one per room’ or ‘one per building’ purchases despite the fact it does have a video phone offering. Cisco has to fight this if only to clip Microsoft’s wings otherwise the battle for pervasive desktop video conferencing will be over.

Microsoft unhappy

Google’s plans to buy Motorola Mobility got the go ahead this month. However Microsoft has expressed concerns about how the acquisition will make it more difficult to compete in the mobile market, particularly as Google has also acquired a large batch of mobile related patents from Nortel. The future seems to be at the convergence of social media, the Cloud and mobile (SoMoClo) and this will take Google even further towards the epicentre. Microsoft still has a lot of work to do on all three fronts and so clearly needs to slow Google down.

Cisco on the acquisition trail

Cisco had a tough year in 2011, including a slump in investor confidence and the subsequent evacuation of 11,000 staff. Writing off its Flip investment at $590m must have been painful too. Consequently its acquisition activities were put on ice. However CEO John Chambers has put his hunting gear back on and is on the look out for more jigsaw pieces for his new strategy. Thus it is likely that any organisation serving the enterprise marketplace that offers anything to do with unified communications or collaboration will feel the heat of his cross wires.

 

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Tech Sector Review - January 2012

RIM – Heins Uncertainty Principle

Blackberry maker RIM has a new man at the helm. Physicist Thorsten Heins is the new CEO. Despite RIM’s share price dropping over 70% in 12 months, he is advocating a turnaround rather than sticking the organisation in the Large Hadron Collider and selling off the resultant pieces. In particular he believes that RIM’s private data network is a key differentiator and so will remain in place. 

Apple – MVP

Apple revisited the top of the leader board when after announcing its record quarterly results it briefly become the most valuable company in the world again. It would appear that the CEO transition from the iconic Steve Jobs to Tim Cook has been a complete success.

Twitter – Censorship strategy

Twitter plans to grow its membership from 100 million to a billion and that means entering markets where the governmental leaders can get a little tetchy about less than respectful tweets. Anticipating this Twitter has loosened its censorship policy so that it will if requested make ‘offensive’ tweets invisible to citizens of the offended nation. It would be great if the censorship could extend to ‘social marketing’ experts who seem to make up a significant percentage of Twitter’s existing community.  

Kodak – Unfortunate development

Kodak became another example of an industrial economy giant failing to adjust to the digital economy when it recently filed for bankruptcy. The innovation-loaded slogan ‘you press the button, we do the rest’ suggests that Kodak played at the leading edge. However that slogan was coined in 1888 and whilst Kodak continued to keep one eye on the digital landscape it wasn’t enough (eyes) to gauge the speed at which the market was moving.

IBM – 12 atom bit

IBM researchers decided rather than follow the traditional path of making the next version of memory storage a little smaller than the current version they would rush to the end game. Having discovered that it is not possible to represent either one or a zero on just one atom (quantum effects) they just kept adding atoms until they were able to predictably store literally one bit of information. This is still very much in the lab and a very cold one at that (1 degree above absolute zero).

Sap – Bullish

German enterprise applications vendor SAP is confident that it is on target to hit 20 billion euro in revenues by 2015. 2011 saw its best year ever with fourth quarter revenues up 11 per cent year on year. Its $3.4bn acquisition of SuccessFactors gives it a boost in the Cloud space as well as in the HR software market. Oracle and Microsoft will likely be unnerved by the enterprise giant regaining its mojo.

Cisco – Leaves the living room

Cisco’s relatively recent review of its strategic direction led to its commitment to focus on the enterprise space. It subsequently dumped its half a billion dollar Flip investment, which on reflection looked sadly on course to obsolete itself anyway. The most recent withdrawal from the consumer space is the demise of the Umi Telepresence home videoconference offering. Cisco does teleconferencing like no other, but its consumer offering was expensive. Like the Flip it was another device delivered into a world where device consolidation is the name of the game.

WalMart – Scan and scram

Be afraid. Retail giant Walmart is now in the mobile shopping applications business through its acquisition of Small Society for an undisclosed sum. It is looking to boost its web offering with a view to taking on Amazon, which has in recent years been eating its lunch. Another problem Walmart is looking to address is where shoppers visit their store and use their smartphones to capture the barcode information of products they are interested in and then source a better deal online.

 

 

Tech Sector Review - December 2011

Regime agnostic mass surveillance technology

Wikileaks has recently released information on 160 companies, many of whom are high profile Western organisations, who sell mass surveillance technologies that are being used by repressive regimes. These include technologies to monitor the activities of iphone, Blackberry and Gmail users. Technology also exists to monitor Wikileaks whistle blowing submission technology, which caused the Wikileaks revelation to be delayed.

HP taken down a notch or two

Beleaguered technology giant HP has had its credit worthiness degraded by Standard and Poor ratings agency. The debt rating was moved from A to triple B, which is three notches above junk status. With a higher cost of borrowing, HP will find it even more difficult to get itself back on an even keel.

Old media is the new media

For over a decade pundits have heralded the death of TV and newspaper advertising. Well new media player Google is actually increasing its investment in these channels, doubling its spend in 2011 year-on-year. Convincing people to move from Internet Explorer to Chrome or Facebook to Google + has required the new media giant to take this ‘radical’ approach.

Anonymous charity donations

BT, Barclays and HSBC are just a few companies that have had their clients’ credit card details stolen by Anonymous, the hacking collective. It has threatened to use the details to make unsolicited charitable donations. US security company Stratfor has reported that its clients have had their cards used in this manner. Ultimately this is likely to hurt the charities as they will incur charge back fees and administrative costs in handling the bogus donations.

New media practices – less is more

Email looks to be moving out of fashion, though the kids have known it for ages. Anyway technology player Atos Origin plans to ban email from the organisation by 2014. Chip maker Intel has experimented with ‘no email’ Fridays. Tech player Cap Gemini has reduced its email traffic by 40% by using workflow software. More recently carmaker Volkswagen has curtailed the email traffic to its staff by restricting Blackberry email services to 30 minutes either side of the working day.

Oracle wobbles

Software giant Oracle is known for its bullish style and its ability to deliver the figure to justify its posturing. The bullishness continues but the figures have turned south. Its recent quarter on quarter sales growth forecast fell by 5%, which in turn knocked 9% off the share price. Given Oracle’s reputation for market robustness, it is perhaps an indicator that 2012 will be a tough year for the IT industry.

A weapon of mass deception

Twitter has played a key role in political uprisings in 2011. Such is its power to keep fellow protesters and the world abreast of developments and so gain international support. So it is interesting that Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, the Saudi billionaire, has placed a $300m stake in Twitter. In fairness he has a penchant for new tech stocks and is considered a liberal by Middle Eastern standards. It does highlight though that if you want to control the message it can only be of benefit to control the messenger.

2011 - The Tech Sector Review

In Summary

2011 can be considered a year of transition, but revolution captures it more accurately. The established technology players are showing uncharacteristic vulnerability. The new guard focused on content (Google and Apple) are taking control.

The Cloud is the medium in which the changes are taking place. I would hazard to say that 2011 was the year in which the IT industry visibly commenced its demise. And in parallel what we are seeing are the green shoots of the emerging information and knowledge industries.

The following are a (reverse chronological) sample of the main highlights of 2011.

Ade McCormack

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Oracle wobbles

Software giant Oracle is known for its bullish style and its ability to deliver the figure to justify its posturing. The bullishness continues but the figures have turned south. Its recent quarter on quarter sales growth forecast fell by 5%, which in turn knocked 9% off the share price. Given Oracle’s reputation for market robustness, it is perhaps an indicator that 2012 will be a tough year for the IT industry.

HP downgrade

Ratings agency S&P have dropped technology vendor HP's credit rating by two notches. This will make borrowing more expensive for the company. The rating remains several notches above junk status, which means that HP will still be perceived as a plausible investment option. HP has experienced a lot of uncertainty with having three CEOs in less than a year and just as many strategies. Current CEO Meg Whitman, who was previously CEO at eBay, is perhaps preparing HP for auction.

Cisco surprising itself

It's been a tough year for the network component provider. A drop in market confidence was followed by a significant and expensive overhaul. Cisco 2.0 has now reported its second quarter of exceeding analysts' expectations. CEO John Chambers reported a surprise surge in orders from US corporate, government and telecoms customers. Its shares jumped 4% in after hours trading when it announced its positive order growth news.

Girl power

IBM names its first female chief executive ever. Virginia Rometty will take the helm from Sam Palmisano at the start of next year. Her strengths lie in sales, marketing and strategy, particularly in respect of IT services. She will also be the first IBM CEO to have not run the hardware business. So her profile is perfectly suited to where IBM needs s to go as opposed to where IBM has been.

iTV

It transpires in the authorised biography of the late Steve Jobs that the success formula for Apple was to focus on products and not sales. He claimed that once companies valued sales over product, the product would go downhill. He also indicated that Apple is entering the TV market. So it would appear that Apple is planning to take control of every channel consumers use to access digital content.

HP Jittery

Having just launched a bold strategy that involved discarding the PC/consumer business and acquiring clever BI vendor Autonomy, HP's board have just kicked out CEO Leo Apotheker. In a surprising move, they have replaced him with Meg Whitman, ex CEO of Ebay. They have clearly lost their nerve. Given she is already financially secure, it is difficult to see what will motivate her, other than the challenge associated with having no experience of leading an organisation that does not focus on auctioning.

Tablet latest

Sony is late to the party having just announced its Tablet S offering. This more or less coincides with HP and Sharp's departure from the market. Using the Android platform, it is a viable alternative to Apple's iPad, and Sony does have cachet in the lifestyle branding department. Microsoft is looking to blur the PC -- tablet market place with its forthcoming Windows 8, and thereby keep some control over the market. BlackBerry maker Rim shipped under 50% of it anticipated volume of PlayBook tablets, which contributed to its share price dropping 20%. One can't help but feel that the tablet game is over and it's time to get in line with the dominant player.

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Google exits tablet market

Google will have to pay $500m in settlement over displaying adverts from companies selling unlicensed prescription drugs. The companies are typically based in Canada and selling drugs that are manufactured in India and China and other places where the US Food and Drugs Administration are unable to exert control.

HP Re-Invent(s) itself

Technology giant HP took heed of its own 'Invent' tagline by announcing radical changes. Firstly it intends to spin off its PC and printer business. A good move as this is a relatively low margin business plus it enables HP to exit the consumer market and focus on the enterprise space. Secondly it is to acquire UK (clever) search software company, Autonomy for approximately $10 billion. It's not so obvious what the benefit is here. However given that Autonomy's software is used to help organisations make better decisions, it will now give HP something of interest to talk about when they push into the c-suite.

Hactivity news

Lulz Security has been busy with its forays into the servers of Sony, the US Senate and the CIA. It appears to be a breakaway faction of the Anonymous online activist organisation. They seem to be both having fun whilst highlighting gaping vulnerabilities in their targets. The CIA attack seems to have been triggered by reports that the US will take cyber attacks from foreign countries as a legitimate reason to respond with military force. With this in mind Google has accused China of hacking into the emails of senior US and South Korean officials.

Free the Cloud

Apple is offering a free Cloud service that will dramatically accelerate the update of web services and put pressure on IT functions to deliver Cloud based services to their users. No more synchronisation of files and emails between devices with the iCloud. Apple appears to be demoting the importance of its hardware, which suggests that its core business is more likely to become service and perhaps even digital rights management based.

Chrome Cloud

Google continues to gnaw away at Microsoft's foundations with the announcement of its Chromebook computers. Acer and Samsung are set to sell notebooks running Google's Chrome operating system. The focus will be on web based applications and companies will buy these Chromebooks as a service than as a product. This is a direct attack at the traditional PC model from which Microsoft has greatly benefited. This will be an exercise in marketing rather than engineering prowess because if organisations wanted to go down this Cloud-client route they already have the option to use a Linux based PC. But they haven't, which suggests there is no market yet for Google's offering.

All change in smartphone market

Nokia's dominance in the mobile phone industry took a significant turn when Taiwanese smartphone maker HTC's market value overtook that of the struggling Finnish giant. Of course the market valuations could easily flip again, but it is significant that a player that didn't exist in 1996 is now threatening Nokia. The mobile power axis has moved eastwards from Scandinavia to the Far East; Sony, LG Electronics and Samsung being other significant players. Nokia remains top in terms of volume, but judging by the devices I saw on show at a recent CIO event in Helsinki, I think it will lose that crown in the foreseeable future.

Cisco shake up

Networking and collaboration specialist Cisco has had to reconsider what its core business is in the light of a loss of analyst confidence. Its shares have fallen 35% in one year despite a 15% upturn on the Nasdaq Composite index. CEO John Chambers stated that it would refocus on its core markets in routers and switching, collaboration, data centre virtualisation and video. The demising of the Flip YouTube friendly video recording device suggests that Cisco is reversing out of the consumer space to focus on the enterprise market.

Zune player RIP

Microsoft has decided to ditch its Zune player and refocus its efforts on a software only strategy in the consumer electronics space. Apple appears to have out branded Microsoft. The word on the street is that Microsoft failed to out innovate its competitors in this space and has thus discovered that emulation is not enough to knock Apple off the perch. The arrival of the iPad2 was most likely the final nail in the coffin this month. Amazing what a few cameras and a choice of protective cover colours can do.

i-hexane

There is 'trouble at mill' again for Apple. Over one hundred workers at a Taiwanese touch screen manufacturer used by Apple have been poisoned by a chemical used to clean the screens. Previously the factory used alcohol for the job but then changed to n-hexane as it evaporated faster and thus sped up production. Apple has taken action on this. Nokia and HTC also use the same supplier. Some time back there was controversy surrounding one of Apple's Chinese manufacturers, where over a dozen workers committed suicide.

LinkedIn to float

Business social networking company LinkedIn has announced its intentions to go public this year. Possibly the recent valuation of Facebook at $50bn might have triggered the founders into thinking about the big pay day. It will be interesting to see whether they change the business model to monetise their 90 million free subscribers. For some people the prospect of rebuilding their 500 plus contacts on another site may just warrant paying a small fee.

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News and Analysis - January-February 2011

Intel delivers Thunderbolt

No more spaghetti hanging out of your laptop ports. Intel has announced that it is rolling out a new connectivity standard that will allow all the cabling to pass through one cable. It has the potential to deliver 100Gb/sec bandwidth.  Apple has already expressed a commitment to this new standard. Those of us who have just purchased a laptop sprinkled with USB and Firewire ports might consider a trip back to the store.

Google tunes search engine

The search engine giant has reworked its search algorithm to improve the user experience in terms of quality of results. It would appear to be a defensive move to stop the content farms drawing users to their sites, whereby they would be subject to the farmers’ pay per click advertising. Let this be a warning to any organisation whose business model is dependent on Google. If you are a threat then you are out of the supply chain.

Grab-ple

Apple is clearly a channel that media providers cannot afford to ignore. However this may be put to the test as Apple intends to charge a flat 30% tax on any paid-for subscriptions sold through its channels. The fact that Google is offering 10% via its Android store may well cause the major media providers to make an executive decision, if only to teach Apple a lesson.

 i-hexane

There is ‘trouble at mill’ again for Apple. Over one hundred workers at a Taiwanese touch screen manufacturer used by Apple have been poisoned by a chemical used to clean the screens. Previously the factory used alcohol for the job but then changed to n-hexane as it evaporated faster and thus sped up production.  Apple has taken action on this. Nokia and HTC also use the same supplier.  Some time back there was controversy surrounding one of Apple’s Chinese manufacturers, where over a dozen workers committed suicide.  

Oracle TSM

Oracle’s trade secret’s management last year saw the database giant successfully sue rival Sap for $1.3bn. This time Oracle is being pursued for $100m by software company 2FA. Oracle recently acquired Passlogix, who allegedly stole credential management source code from the plaintiff. 2FA accuse Oracle of turning a blind eye to this theft. The Passlogix acquisition is important to Oracle, on the day the acquisition was announced its share price jumped up $1bn.

Arcadia sinks?

The coalition of Cisco, EMC and VMware was scorched from the market as a backlash from system integrators was brewing because Arcadia appeared to be stealing their business by providing data center integration services. However Arcadia will continue to exist as the Virtual Computing Environment (VCE), minus the service piece. I can’t see this arrangement working for very long as the money is in the services, so at some point the coalition will simply have to compete with the integrators head-on.  

LinkedIn to float

Business social networking company LinkedIn has announced its intentions to go public this year. Possibly the recent valuation of Facebook at $50bn might have triggered the founders into thinking about the big pay day. It will be interesting to see whether they change the business model to monetise their 90 million free subscribers. For some people the prospect of rebuilding their 500 plus contacts on another site may just warrant paying a small fee.

Acquiremate

Once mighty networking player Novell looks set to be acquired by hosted solutions vendor Attachmate for $2.2bn.  Novell was a major player in the growth of local area networking and at one point was in the top six IT companies in the world with its Netware offering. Microsoft almost obviated the need for Novell to exist by incorporating networking technology into its Windows operating systems. Later on Microsoft became an investor in Novell along with EMC, Oracle and Apple. Novell eventually became an open source player through the acquisition of Suse, a Linux distributor.  This is most likely what Attachmate has its eye on.

Tech Sector Review: Cisco - The Cable Guys?

Technology giant Cisco has thrown its hat into the broadband ring by teaming up with a number of Telecoms service providers to deliver ultra high speed Internet access. This appears to be in response to Google's intention to build a broadband network.

 Whilst this is not a million miles from Cisco's comfort zone, it does feel like a step down the value chain. That said, wielding influence over the Telecoms providers coupled with its assault on the data centre will position Cisco strongly in the corporate IT arena.

Is this perhaps goodnight IT and Telecoms industries and hello IP industry?

TescO2 – Every little (megabyte) helps

Retail giant Tesco looks set to strengthen its hi-tech footprint by selling Apple iPhones. Tesco-Mobile, a joint venture with UK operator O2, hopes to start selling the must have wireless fashion accessory by Christmas.  Given the amount of money I get charged by O2 every time I go abroad, I suspect that this will be a lucrative channel for Tesco. It will be interesting to see how this shapes the iPhone’s future. From a cachet perspective, this is a retrograde step. But a major result from a product proliferation perspective. So is Apple abandoning its loyal aesthete following? Or can we expect a new range of exclusive beautiful overpriced gadgets to keep the tribe happy?

Tech Sector Review: Oracle-Sun TKO

We should have a clearer view of the likelihood of Oracle acquiring Sun when the former meets the European Competition Commission in December. There’s quite a bit at stake. The ECC needs to let outsiders know that it is really quite powerful. Telling Oracle that it has a "profound misunderstanding of the database market” sounds more like the pre-fight interview in a mixed martial arts competition. This looks like macho posturing and will certainly make the EU look foolish on the world stage. Oracle on the other hand wants to be IBM and that requires having ‘tin’ in the portfolio.  Given the motivations, positioning and credibility of the ‘contenders, I think Oracle will prevail with what might be called a ‘technical’ knock out.